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Пост в блоге:Smart City Planning System: Who is to Develop New Cities?

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There are several key characteristics of the Smart City Planning System as distinguished from the standard urban planning systems. First, introducing the concept of smart and sustainable growth into urban planning, design and management allows to manage the process of urbanization through integrated development planning, effective land-use planning, mobilization of resources and capacity-building (in urban land, urban environment, municipal finance, urban infrastructure and urban poverty): making land and infrastructure available for low-income housing in healthy and safe locations, while providing education, healthcare, employment, community financing and other social services within the areas. Second, smart urban planning is no more a technical exercise in the physical planning and design of human settlements, with environmental, technological, social, economic or political matters lying outside the scope of planning: The Smart City planning is no more just a formal activity to be carried out by trained experts with relatively little involvement of civic society, local authorities, businesses, politicians or communities. The Smart City Planning is about producing comprehensive city development plans covering urban master plans, or blueprint plans, portraying ideal visions of the future, and layout plans and local plans, showing a detailed view of the built form of a city in its ideal end-state. It is underpinned by directive plans and strategic plans and implemented by the primary legal tool of the land-use zoning schemes. There must be a close alignment and synergy between smart city development plans and strategic spatial plans and the system of land laws and land-use management, with an effective mechanism for this linkage. The Smart City Development Plan provides guidance for specific urban projects, which in the context of Europe are to be strategically integrated ‘brownfield’ urban regeneration projects and/or smart and green infrastructural projects: In all, the Smart City Development Plan sets out future spatial and functional patterns and economic, social and ecological relationships for transformation cities, emerging as sustainable innovation ecosystems of interrelated urban systems, technological systems, social systems, economic systems and government systems. As far as the smart city market is projected to exceed $ 1 trillion by 2016, it’s the trillion dollar question: who is to develop our smart cities: big architectural and engineering firms practicing standard urban planning with some innovations, or big technology businesses pushing for the adoption by cities and states their corporate technologies and services? As a guiding example, Townsend in his recent book, “Smart Cities: Big Data, Civic Hackers, and the Quest for a New Utopia”, views the push towards smart cities as being led by the wrong people – technology companies with naïve visions and short term commercial goals; while the architects, planners and scientists… often struggle to share their specific knowledge. The Global Report’s central argument is still valid: urban planning systems have changed very little being often contributors to urban problems and that a new role for urban planning has to be found to realize the goal of sustainable urbanization of liveable, productive and inclusive cities, towns and villages. The question of who is to design future cities is getting a global meaning. Europe’s global competitors are actively pursuing large Smart City programmes. Following the India Vision 2020, the nation is embarking on an ambitious $90 billion two-phase industrial program to build new industrial cities as smart, sustainable cities of the future, along a territorial corridor, spanning six states, connecting two capitals, Delhi and Mumbai, and affecting 14% of India’s population. Conceptualized with the Government of Japan, the DMIC program master plan is mostly focusing on deploying next generation technologies and road/rail/air connectivity and infrastructure linkages, with 24 economic nodes, investment regions and industrial areas. The goal is to expand national manufacturing and services base, becoming a "Global Manufacturing and Trading Hub”, minimizing green growth and social development programs. In its Five-Year National Planning, China’s future “smart cities” are to become a main driver of its urbanization process, with 2 trillion yuan ($322 billion) to be allocated to more than 600 cities nationwide. Still, China’s going for “the business as usual” approach consisting in requesting the fragmented services from the increasing army of urban planners and architects, operators and exporters of smart city technologies, products and services, which SMART Russia should avoid: (SMART RUSSIA) In all, the Smart City Planning approach postulates that there must be a standard “one size fits all” approach to sustainable settlements fundamentally resolving critical urban issues (land use and environment, transportation and mobility, water, waste, energy, environmental degradation, and social issues as poverty and social exclusion and displacement), regardless of that each city is marked by its political systems, cultural settings, economic structures and ecological climates in which it continually and historically evolves. The full concept of Smart City entails that there is a single model and universal approach to sustainable urban planning (in large legacy cities 0,5 m, new megacities 10 m and hypercities 20 m, as well as in medium-sized settlements, 0,1-0,5 m and small urban places , 0,1m) that can solve fundamental urban problems and emerging urban challenges of the 21st century. www.cs.ucy.ac.cy/.../SMARTWORLD.pdf

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